〜によって / 〜により / 〜による③
By means of/by
About
~による has three main usages: ① "Depending on X", ② "Due to/because of X", and ③ "By means of X". This entry concerns usage ③, "By means of X".
E.g. 話し合いによる解決が、一番平和だ。 "Resolution by means of discussion is the most peaceful."
による can also become によって or により (more formal).
E.g. 電話は、ベルという人によって発明された。 "The phone was invented by someone named Bell."
E.g. 味噌ラーメンは、北海道のラーメン店により生み出されたらしい。 "Apparently miso ramen was created by a ramen shop in Hokkaido."
For all usages, ~による attaches exclusively to nouns.
~による's third usage is similar to the で particle, but as opposed to ~による, で is used in more casual situations, and for one's own actions.
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~による has three main usages:
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① "Depending on X"
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② "Due to/because of X"
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③ "By means of X"
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による can also become によって or により (more formal)
-
For all usages, ~による attaches exclusively to nouns
-
~による's third usage is similar to the で particle, but as opposed to ~による, で is used in more casual situations, and for one's own actions
Summary
Explained in
Example Sentences
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