~に対して②
Compared to
About
~に対して is a combination of the に particle and the て form of the verb 対する ("to face; to compare; to oppose"), often translates to "towards/for X", or "compared to X", and is fairly formal in tone.
~に対して has three main usages:
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① "towards; for"
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② "in comparison to"
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③ ratios/percentages "X for Y".
This entry concerns usage ②.
For usage ②, ~に対して may attach to nominalized verbs/い-adjectives:
E.g. 姉が遊んでばかりいるのに対して、兄は勉強ばかりしている。 "Compared to my sister who was always having fun, my brother was always studying."
E.g. コスコトは食料品が安いのに対して、家具は高いらしい。 "As for Coscoto, in comparison to their cheap groceries, their furniture is apparently expensive."
Or to nouns directly, or to nouns/な-adjectives using な・だった・である + の:
E.g. 日本の平均寿命は、男性81歳に対して、女性は87歳です。 "The average lifespan in Japan is 87 for women, compared to 81 for men." (direct)
E.g. 高校生の時はバレーが得意だったのに対し、今はサッカーが得意だ。 "Compared to when I was good at volleyball in high school, now I'm good at soccer." (だったの)
E.g. 8月は日本が夏であるのに対して、南半球は冬だ。 "Compared to Japan, which has summer in August, in the southern hemisphere it's winter." (であるの)
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~に対して has three main usages: ① "towards; for", ② "in comparison to", and ③ ratios/percentages "X for Y"
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For usage ②, に対して can attach to nominalized verbs/い-adjectives, nouns/な-adjectives with だった・な・である attached, or directly to nouns
Summary
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Example Sentences
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