~に対して①
Towards; for
About
~に対して is a combination of the に particle and the て form of the verb 対する ("to face; to compare; to oppose"), often translates to "towards/for X", or "compared to X", and is fairly formal in tone.
~に対して has three main usages:
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① "towards; for"
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② "in comparison to"
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③ ratios/percentages "X for Y".
This entry concerns usage ①.
For usage ①, ~に対して is generally only used with nouns or nominalized verbs/い-adjectives.
~に対して may attach to verbs/い-adjectives using the nominalizers の or こと:
E.g. 自分の言ったことに対する責任を持ちなさい。 "Take responsibility for what you said."
~に対して may attach directly to nouns:
E.g. 私の送ったメッセージに対しては、何の返信もなかった。 "There was no response to the message I sent."
The 「(noun)に対する(noun)」pattern is also possible:
E.g. 自分の言ったことに対する責任を持ちなさい。 "Take responsibility for what you said."
This uses the dictionary form of する to attach to the following noun, forming a noun phrase.
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~に対して has three main usages: ① "towards; for", ② "in comparison to", and ③ ratios/percentages "X for Y"
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For usage ①, ~に対して may attach to nouns, or nominalized い-adjectives/verbs
Summary
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Example Sentences
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