〜なくて
Not X, so Y/Because X, Y
About
なくて is used to form the negative て form of a verb, noun, or な-adjective. なくて form verbs, in particular, are generally used to provide the reason for a following statement.
To form the なくて form of a verb, simply add なくて to a verb's negative stem form.
Dictionary form → | Negative, Stem form → | なくて form |
|---|---|---|
食べる | 食べない | 食べなくて |
飲む | 飲まない | 飲まなくて |
To form the なくて form of an い-adjective, attach なくて to an い-adjective's continuative form (い → く).
Dictionary form → | Continuative form → | なくて form |
|---|---|---|
さむい | さむく | さむくなくて |
To form the なくて form of a noun or な-adjective, attach じゃない or ではない (formal) and conjugate the final ない as you would an い-adjective.
Dictionary form → | Attach じゃない・ではない | なくて form |
|---|---|---|
学生 | 学生じゃない | 学生じゃなくて |
きれい | きれいではない | きれいではなくて |
なくて form nouns/な-adjectives do not always have a nuance of providing reason, and often simply say "X is not Y, but rather Z".
The ～がなくて pattern is also possible, and expresses that there is "none of X".
E.g. お金がなくて困ります。 "I don’t have any money, so I’m in trouble."
Form the negative て form of a noun, adjective, or verb by attaching なくて
なくて form verbs imply that they are the reason for the following statement
Summary
Example Sentences
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