



Welcome to a negative lesson in which we will have no choice but to learn new grammar, use the kana ざ for once, and open our minds to old ways of speaking. If you're not in the mood for that kind of thing, maybe watching a samurai movie or two will help.
We'll be covering both the ~ざる auxiliary verb, as well as the ~ざるを得ない pattern (AKA this lesson's main grammar point), so get ready for a double-header!

Negative verb stemざる
(Exceptions: する → せざる・くる → こざる)
Example:
→ プロジェクトの成功はマイクさんの絶えざる努力から生まれました。
"The success of this project was born from Mike's unending efforts.”
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Completing this lesson will add these Grammar SRS items to your main Grammar Study List