には　②

About

The compound particle には can attach to a dictionary form verb to express "in order to (verb)..." or "to (verb)...". The following clause usually contains a "X is necessary/must be done" statement, or a question such as "What should be done?".

には can also be attached to a noun. This usage can be separated into には + names/pronouns, and には + regular nouns.

When we combine には with a name or pronoun, we say "for (person)...", and when we combine には with a regular noun, we say "for (noun)". The following clause can contain some remark using an adjective, or it can contain an intransitive verb. Common examples of intransitive verbs that pair with には are 分わかる, and できる.

Summary

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  Adding には to a dictionary form verb expresses: "in order to (verb)...".

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  Verbには statements are often followed by what the speaker feels is necessary/must be done, or a question.

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  Adding には to a noun or pronoun expresses: "for (noun/pronoun)...".

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  「Nounには」statements are often followed with a remark containing an adjective, or an intransitive verb such as 分わかる or できる.