〜ずに

About

〜ずに is similar to 〜ないで, but is also commonly found in written contexts.

〜ずに can be attached to the negative stem form of a verb, and is used to say "do X without doing Y". (The ず forms of する and 来くる are exceptions: 「せずに・来こずに」.)

E.g. 昨日きのう、化粧けしょうを落おとさずに寝ねてしまった。 "Yesterday I went to sleep without removing my makeup."

Occasionally, the に of 〜ずに is dropped. This adds a slightly more formal/written tone.

E.g. 休やすまず働はたらいているのになかなか給料きゅうりょうが上あがらない。 "I'm working without taking any vacations but my salary isn't going up."

Summary

• 

  〜ずに can be attached to the negative stem form of a verb, and is used to say "do X without doing Y"

• 

  The ず forms of する and 来くる are exceptions: 「せずに・来こずに」

• 

  Occasionally, the に of 〜ずに is dropped, which adds a slightly more formal/written tone